Los componentes de la velocidad de denominación y su relación con la comprensión lectora en español

José-Pablo Escobar, Ricardo Rosas

Resumen


La velocidad de denominación es uno de los principales predictores de la lectura especialmente en ortografías transparentes como el español. Si bien ha sido consistentemente estudiada al nivel de  la lectura de palabras, pocos trabajos  tratan de explicar su relación con la comprensión lectora. Desde la perspectiva del análisis de los componentes de la velocidad de denominación: pausas entre ítems y tiempos de articulación; esta investigación exploró la relación entre la velocidad de denominación y la comprensión lectora en estudiantes chilenos de primero a cuarto básico. Además, evaluó si es que esta relación se explica por las habilidades en la precisión de lectura de palabras y fluidez lectora. Los resultados muestran que ambos componentes comparten una cantidad significativa de varianza con la comprensión. Sin embargo comparativamente es mayor la relación de las pausas entre ítems con la comprensión. Cuando incluimos en la relación entre la velocidad de denominación y la comprensión lectora, la precisión en la lectura de palabras y la fluidez, estas variables median la relación. Los resultados se discuten en el contexto de la velocidad de denominación como una variable relacionada con la fluidez en la lectura y la utilidad de su evaluación en el contexto escolar.


Palabras clave


Lectura, Comprensión lectora, velocidad de denominación

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Referencias


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DOI: https://doi.org/10.18239/ocnos_2018.17.2.1572

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