Boas práticas agrícolas para o controle da erosão hídrica do solo em cultivos anuais nas montanhas da Guatemala e Nicarágua
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Resumo
As culturas anuais (milho, feijão, ervilha, brócolis, batata e cenoura) são muito importantes para a economia dos pequenos produtores das áreas montanhosas da Guatemala e Nicaragua. A sustentabilidade dessas culturas encontra-se em situação bastante precária, devido à degradação do solo pela erosão hídrica. Esta situação torna necessário redirecionar os atuais sistemas agrícolas para modelos sustentáveis. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram: (1) analisar as perdas de solo nas culturas mencionadas na Guatemala e na Nicarágua e (2) estabelecer as más e boas práticas agrícolas para o controle adequado da erosão. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que as medidas de controle da erosão necessárias para reverter a situação são: (1) uso preferencial de técnicas de plantio direto e (2) manutenção de uma cobertura vegetal mínima para proteger o solo da erosão, que varia de acordo com o sistema de cultivo.
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