ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION

AN OPPORTUNITY TO IMPROVE EFFICIENCY OR A THREAT TO EMPLOYMENT

Abstract

This article examines the impact of Artificial Intelligence (AI) on Public Administration, assessing its benefits and risks from both legal and practical perspectives. AI provides clear advantages in efficiency, cost reduction, and improved citizen services, as shown in Spanish cases such as the Tax Agency, Aragón’s fraud detection projects, and the use of chatbots in municipalities. Nevertheless, it also raises challenges regarding public employment, algorithmic bias, transparency, and data protection. The study highlights the need to understand AI as a complement rather than a substitute for human work, and to promote continuous training for civil servants. Finally, it stresses the importance of an ethical regulatory framework, particularly the European Artificial Intelligence Act, to ensure that technological innovation does not compromise fundamental rights or public trust.